Nurturing future leaders for nature: the example of the UK's National Education Nature Park.

This piece reviews the evidence on the effect that engaging with nature has on school-age children's future attitudes and behaviour towards nature. It also looks into the impact engaging with nature has on children and young people's physical, mental and personal development and the evidence on how much time children in England are spending in natural environments. It then presents a UK Government project, the National Education Nature Park (NENP), intended to increase children in England's access to nature by developing nature spaces within the grounds of educational institutions. It concludes with suggestions for how the implementation of the NENP could be used to learn more about the effect that engaging with nature has on children alongside understanding how school-based nature projects could benefit the local environment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.

Shaping nature outcomes in corporate settings.

Transnational companies have substantive impacts on nature: a hallmark of living in the Anthropocene. Understanding these impacts through company provision of information is a precursor to holding them accountable for nature outcomes. The effect of increasing disclosures (of varying quality) is predicated on 'information governance', an approach that uses disclosure requirements to drive company behaviour. However, its efficacy is not guaranteed. We argue that three conditions are required before disclosures have the possibility to shape nature outcomes, namely: (1) radical traceability that links company actions to outcomes in particular settings; (2) developing organizational routines, tools and approaches that translate strategic intent to on-the-ground behaviour; and (3) mobilizing and aligning financial actors with corporate nature ambitions. While disclosure is key to each of these conditions, its limits must be taken into account and it must be nested in governance approaches that shape action, not just reporting. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.

Incorporating diverse values of nature in decision-making-theory and practice.

Values play a significant role in decision-making, especially regarding nature. Decisions impact people and nature in complex ways and understanding which values are prioritised, and which are left out is an important task for improving the equity and effectiveness of decision-making. Based on work done for the IPBES Values Assessment, this paper develops a framework to support analyses of how decision-making influences nature as well as whose values get prioritised. The framework is used to analyse key areas of environmental policy: a) the present model for nature protection in market economies, b) the role of valuation in bringing nature values into decisions, and c) values embedded in environmental policy instruments, exemplified by protected areas for nature conservation and payments for ecosystem services. The analyses show that environmental policies have been established as mere additions to decision-making structures that foster economic expansion, which undermines a wide range of nature's values. Moreover, environmental policies themselves are also focused on a limited set of nature's diverse values. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.

What does it take to renature cities? An expert-based analysis of barriers and strategies for the implementation of nature-based solutions.

This paper uses an expert-based methodology to survey the barriers and strategies related to the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). The ambition of the paper is to offer a bird's eye overview of the difficulties encountered by NBS deployment and ways to overcome them. With a wide participation of 80 experts from COST Action Circular City, we identify barriers specific to 35 pre-defined NBS of the following four categories: Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs; Food and Biomass Production; Rainwater Management; and Remediation, Treatment, and Recovery. The research sheds light on how a major interdisciplinary - yet predominantly technically-oriented - community of scientists and practitioners views this important topic. Overall, the most relevant barriers are related to technological complexity, lack of skilled staff and training programs and the lack of awareness that NBS is an option. Our results highlight concerns related to post implementation issues, especially operation and maintenance, which subsequently affect social acceptance. The paper identifies a "chain" effect across barriers, meaning that one barrier can affect the existence or the relevance of other barriers. In terms of strategies, most of them target governance, information, and education aspects, despite the predominantly technical expertise of the participants. The study innovates with respect to state-of-the-art research by showing a fine-grained connection between barriers, strategies and individual NBS and categories, a level of detail which is not encountered in any other study to date.

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A prática do Tai Chi Pai Lin é benéfica tanto para a saúde do corpo quanto para a mente.

Estado, naturaleza: Instituciones de salud pública y atención médica en São Paulo entre los siglos XIX y XX / State, nature: Public health and medical care institutions in São Paulo between the 19th and 20th centuries

El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la noción de naturaleza y salud pública durante la transición del Imperio a la República, específicamente en São Paulo, en la región sureste de Brasil. La calidad de la naturaleza de São Paulo fue repetidamente destacada, incluso después de la llegada de las grandes epidemias de fiebre amarilla y cólera a partir de 1850. Los principales cambios que tuvieron lugar en ese período fueron el aumento de la densidad democrática, la sustitución del trabajo esclavizado por trabajadores blancos y el cambio de régimen político. El objetivo aquí es discutir de manera panorámica el lugar de asistencia brindado por las Santas Casas de Misericordia en el cambio del siglo XIX al XX, en un período en que la atención a la salud todavía era la principal preocupación del gobierno. Veremos que, con la creación de los servicios sanitarios en el período republicano, las nociones de benignidad del clima y de las tierras de São Paulo se transformaron en la apreciación del avance sanitario y la calidad del marco civilizador de São Paulo.(AU)

The article aims to discuss the notion of nature and public health during the transition from Empire to Republic, specifically in São Paulo, in the southeastern region of Brazil. The quality of nature in São Paulo was repeatedly highlighted, even after the arrival of the great epidemics of yellow fever and cholera from 1850 onwards. The main changes that took place in that period were the increase in democratic density, the replacement of slave labour by white workers and the change of political regime. The aim here is to discuss in a panoramic way the place of assistance provided by the Santas Casas de Misericordia at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, in a period when health care was still the main concern of the government. We will see that, with the creation of health services in the republican period, notions of the benignity of the climate and lands of São Paulo were transformed in the appreciation of the sanitary progress and the quality of the civilising framework of São Paulo.(AU)

The local-global relationship of nature.

In the light of possible advance in the elucidation of emergence in natural systems we address the likelihood of an overriding relationship between the local and the global in Nature. We consider the possible views of an abstract conglomeration of entities, and whether a global representation can be established. This leads to a consideration of the problem in natural contexts to establish a relationship between local and global properties. We describe the application of a model-hierarchical representation to a biological cell, and its implications in terms of subjective and objective viewpoints. We conclude by stating the concluded relationship between local and global properties in Nature, in that control is exercised not only from local-to-global, but also from global-to-local.

Wilderness Is the Prototype of Nature Regardless of the Individual's Connection to Nature. An Empirical Verification of the Solastalgia Effect.

(1) Background: Connectedness with Nature is a personality trait that influences our relationship with Nature. But Nature is not all the same. Wilderness is Nature in its original form, the form within which human beings have evolved as a species, while what we refer to as domesticated and urban Nature are relatively recent products of our interaction with the environment. (2) Aim: The main purpose of this study was to verify whether the individual trait "connection to Nature" influences the perception of restoration, preference for and familiarity with three types of Nature: wilderness, domesticated and urban. (3) Results: Regardless of the level of connection to Nature, wilderness is always perceived as more restorative than the domesticated or urban environment. Individuals with higher connectedness prefer wilderness more than others, and they are able to recognise the restorative value of domesticated environments more than those with medium or low levels of connectedness. Less connected individuals tend to prefer domesticated environments, although wilderness is more familiar to them. (4) Conclusions: This study shows that, despite our detachment from Nature, wilderness is the prototype of Nature, and this finding offers a plausible evolutionary explanation of solastalgia.

The Beyond-Human Natural World: Providing Meaning and Making Meaning.

Much academic and media attention has been focused on how nature contributes to psychological health, yet, most of this focus has been on happiness or hedonic well-being. Although numerous writers and researchers have linked connecting with nature as a pathway to meaning in life, an integrated overview has not yet (to our knowledge) been offered. Our manuscript is thus of both theoretical and practical importance with respect to finding meaning in life. In this hybrid commentary/review paper, we examine the link between meaning in life and relating to the beyond-human natural world. Through presenting supportive empirical research and interdisciplinary insights, we make the case that connecting with the natural world provides us with meaning in various ways. We discuss how nature is a common source of meaning in people's lives and how connecting with nature helps to provide meaning by addressing our need to find coherence, significance/mattering, and purpose (the three aspects comprising the tripartite model of meaning life). We also consider how connecting with nature enhances our experiential appreciation for life, a fourth aspect of meaning in life recently proposed. Our discussion then expands to examining nature as a place of attachment. Going beyond how nature provides us with meaning, we consider how engaging in nature-based activities provides an avenue for many people to build meaningful lives. We close by considering how threats to nature are a threat to meaning in life.

Science and the legal rights of nature.

We review the use of science by lawmakers and courts in implementing or rejecting legal rights for nature in Ecuador, India, the United States, and other jurisdictions where some type of rights of nature have been recognized in the legal system. We then use the "right to evolve" to exemplify how interdisciplinary work can (i) help courts effectively define what this right might entail; (ii) inform how it might be applied in different circumstances; and (iii) provide a template for how scientists and legal scholars can generate the interdisciplinary scholarship necessary to understand and implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws, and environmental law more generally. We conclude by pointing to what further research is needed to understand and effectively implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws.

Nature visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: Facilitators, motives, and associations with sociodemographic characteristics.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased mental health issues and reduced well-being. Researchers also reports increased frequency of nature visits during the pandemic, proposing it may mitigate some of these negative consequences. Using the case of Norway, a country with ample access to nature and relatively low levels of pandemic-related restrictions, this study sought to (i) understand how the COVID-19 crisis impacted patterns of nature visits and specific nature-based activities, (ii) examine how these patterns varied among different population groups and levels of restrictions, and (iii) explore the motives and facilitators for increased frequency of nature visits. Methods: The data were retrieved from a national cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2021, which was designed to assess participants (n = 1,005, age > 15 years) habits in relation to nature visits and outdoor recreation since the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, and associated factors. Results: The results showed that 32 % of participants increased their frequency of nature visits during the crisis, while 11 % experienced a decrease. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant positive associations between increased frequency of nature visits and longer duration of lockdown restrictions (OR [95% CI] = 2.35 [1.28-4.29] and 4.92 [2.77-8.74] for a few weeks and several months of lockdown, respectively). Increased frequency of nature visits was also more likely among women, younger respondents, and individuals from high-income households. A Cochran's Q test showed that the most common motive for increased frequency of nature visits was "To be physically active" (74%). The most commonly reported facilitators were the possibility of using natural environments as an alternative to gyms and organized sports alongside having more time available (58 and 49%, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that nature visits provided important opportunities for physical activity during the COVID-19 crisis, but also that the mental health benefits of nature visits during such times may be under-communicated. This highlights the importance of access to natural environments to promote physical activity and health, but also suggests that campaigns that specifically communicate the beneficial effects of nature visits during lockdowns or similar stressful situations might help people cope with the situation.

A Report on the Ke Ola O Ka 'Aina: 'Aina Connectedness Scale.

Optimal health from a Native Hawaiian worldview is achieved by being pono (righteous) and maintaining lokahi (balance) with all our relations, including our relationships as Kanaka (humankind) with 'Aina (land, nature, environment, that which feeds) and Akua (spiritual realm). The purpose of this study is to explore the role of 'Aina connectedness in Native Hawaiian health and resilience to inform the development of the 'Aina Connectedness Scale. Qualitative methods were conducted with 40 Native Hawaiian adults throughout Hawai'i. Three themes emerged: (1) 'Aina is everything; (2) Connection to 'Aina is imperative to health; and (3) Intergenerational health, healing, and resilience are reflected through intergenerational connectedness with 'Aina. Qualitative findings, supplemented with a scoping review of land, nature, and cultural connectedness scales, led to the development of the 'Aina Connectedness Scale, which examined the degree to which people feel connected to 'Aina, with implications for future research. 'Aina connectedness may address concerns related to health disparities that stem from colonization, historical trauma, and environmental changes and better our understanding of Native Hawaiian health by fostering stronger ties to land. Resilience- and 'Aina-based approaches are critically important to health equity and interventions that aim to improve Native Hawaiian health.

The Importance of the Outdoor Environment for the Recovery of Psychiatric Patients: A Scoping Review.

(1) Background: Research has shown that patients with mental health diagnoses experience less anxiety and depressive symptoms and higher levels of 'well-being' when they spend time in natural environments as part of their treatment. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between the outdoor settings and the recovery of psychiatric patients. Recovery describes an individual process, which can vary from person to person. (2) Methods: This scoping review examined the relationship between the physical environment and the recovery of psychiatric patients. Systematic searches in three online databases, namely Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO, were performed using a selection of psychiatric, environmental, and recovery terms and included both quantitative and qualitative studies. In general, 'well-being' serves as an overarching indicator when it comes to research on how outdoor settings can affect mental health. Well-being was expressed in terms of mood, social relations, and autonomy. (3) Results: A total of 8138 records were screened, 85 studies were included for full-text reading, and five articles were included in the final analysis. The review showed in general that outdoor settings, more specifically gardening, contact with nature, and a safe environment can be related to the well-being of patients on psychiatric wards. (4) Conclusions: The five reviews allow us to conclude that outdoor settings can be seen as a comprehensive resource for mental health.

Efektivní komunikace o riziku pro životní prostředí a zdraví: strategická zpráva o současných trendech, teoriích a konceptech

Tato zpráva poskytuje strategický přehled efektivní komunikace o riziku pro životní prostředí a zdraví(EH) po celém světě se zaměřením na Evropu. Poskytuje přehled nejnovějších trendů, teorií a konceptůkomunikace o riziku pro EH a identifikuje klíčové výzvy a osvědčené postupy. Závěry zprávy jsou doplněnytřemi případovými studiemi: podpora kvality vnitřního ovzduší ve školách v Maďarsku, kontaminace vody vregionu Veneto v Itálii a opatření proti působení horka na zdraví ve Štýrsku v Rakousku.

Doğa, Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Sağlık: aralarindaki bağlantilara genel bakış

Kentleşme, arazi kullanımı, küresel ticaret ve sanayileşme dünya genelinde doğa, biyolojik çeşitlilik ve ekosistemlerüzerinde çok derin ve olumsuz etkilere yol açmıştır. Doğal kaynakların tükenmeye devam etmesi yalnızca çevreselkoşulları etkilemekle kalmayıp toplumların refahı ve güvenliği üzerinde de büyük bir etki yaratmaktadır. Bu rapor, doğal çevrenin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili genel bir bakış sağlamaktadır. Tabiat ve ekosistemlerin, sağlığı ve refahı hangi yollarla destekleyip koruyabileceği ortaya koyulmakta ve doğadaki bozulmanın ve biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybının insan sağlığını nasıl tehdit edebileceği anlatılmaktadır. Doğa ile sağlık arasındaki bağlar konusunda kapsamlı bir deneyimi olmayan okuyuculara yöneliktir. Genel bakış raporu öncelikle sağlık ve çevre sektörlerindeki uzmanları ve karar vericileri bilgilendirme gayesi taşımakla birlikte doğanın ve biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması, yönetimi ve kullanımı ile alakalı diğer sektörleri de ilgilendirecektir.